A group photograph taken during a break from the
meeting
between Athabascan leaders and government officials on
July 5, 1915,
shows, from left, Chief Alexander, of Tolovana; Chief
William, of Tanana;
Chief Thomas, of Nenana; Paul Williams, of Tanana; Chief
Ivan, of Crossjacket;
Chief Charlie, of Minto; and Chief Alexander William, of
Tanana.
In the past, this language family was simply known as the Athabaskan language family, which is the name recognized by most speakers of these languages (the spelling "Athabascan" is more preferred today, but both spellings are still commonly used, and "Athapaskan" can occasionally be seen as well.) But once it was discovered that non-Athabascan languages (like Tlingit, Eyak, and possibly Haida) were also related, linguists began using the new term Na-Dene to refer to the language family instead. The name Na-Dene was created by combining the word na, which means "people" in Tlingit and "home" in Haida, with the word dene, which means "people" in several Athabascan languages.
Alaskan Athabascans
Alaskan
Links
Athabascan Links
Athabascans of Interior Alaska
Chipewyan
Indian Culture and History
Chipewyan Indian Mythology
Chipewyan Women: Arctic Dawn
Chipewyan (chi-pah-way-en) is a Cree word describing their pointed hats or clothing. Dene (den-ay) or Dene suline are also used as names refering to Denendeh meaning "Spirit that flows through this land from the Creator". They also refer to themselves as Ethen-eldeli, or caribou-eaters. Written history of the Chipewyan can be traced back to the establishment of trade with European fur settlers as far back as 1716, after establishing some peace with the Cree, who fought the Chipewyan for fur hunting territory.
The Chipewyan historically occupied the Manitoba Hudson Bay Area to the Slave River, but have spread throughout Canada for various reasons. The Chipewyan, or Denesuline, practice traditional survival techniques and traditions. These include hunting available game, tea dances, feasts, and so forth. The Denesuline are also well known for their artistic crafts made from animal hides and birch bark, as well as their talent for music and other arts.
The Chipewyan, or Denesuline, practice traditional survival techniques and traditions. These include hunting available game, tea dances, feasts, and so forth. The Denesuline are also well known for their artistic crafts made from animal hides and birch bark, as well as their talent for music and other arts. The Dene are estimated to have inhabited the Northwest territories since the Ice Age, because of oral histories referring to a time of only winter.
Fort Chipewyan Indian Band
Four
Directions Institute
Tanacross Athabascan Language Resources
Tetlin As I Knew It
Dene - Creation of Seasons
The first people of the earth had to endure winter for the entire twelve months of the year. Most of the land was covered by massive, moving layers of ice and deep snow. No trees or bushes, or flowers could survive in the harsh gripping cold. The lakes and rivers were frozen, so no water flowed. It was a land of endless cold. One day when the first people were out hunting they came upon a bear who had a sack around his neck. The hunters were very curious and asked the bear what was in the sack. The bear growled a reply that he had a sack filled with the abundance of summer's warmth and light. The hunters wanted the sack and offered to trade, but the bear would not part with his sack. The hunters begged the bear, but still he refused to give up his sack. When they saw that it was useless to argue any longer, they decided to return to their people and think of some plan to take away the coveted sack. The chief heard the entire story and called his people together to arrive at a plan of how to take the sack away from the reluctant bear. They decided to lure the bear to a great feast, fill him with food, and when he slept, steal the sack. A tempting feast of moose and caribou was prepared.
The hunters searched for the bear and located him. They asked the bear to attend the feast in his honour and the bear readily accepted. The bear arrived in the evening, but did not have the sack around his neck. Although disappointed the people served the feast anyway. The bear ate his fill and fell asleep. The chief was frustrated and wanted the sack. He ordered four of the village's skilled hunters to follow the bear home and steal the sack by any means. The next morning the bear awoke and bid the chief and his people farewell. The four hunters followed closely behind the bear for about an hour when they came upon a large cave. Peering inside, they spotted the sack laying upon the cave floor with two black bears guarding it. The hunters were very courageous and they sprang into the cave to demand the sack. A fierce fight killed three of the hunters and mortally wounded the fourth, but before he died, he grabbed the sack and unleashed the abundance of warmth and light. Instantly, the air became warm and the sky filled with bright sunlight. The snow melted into rivers and lakes. The hills and valleys were covered with trees, flowers and bushes. Strange birds flew in great numbers and built nests and streams filled with fish. Every year since that time, Summer has come to the Dene.
Bear
and Squirrel
Boy
Who Became Strong
Elders
Speak
Monster
Bird
Raised-By-His-Grandmother
Raven
Sa-Klu-Nazetti
(The Sun Taken in a Snare)
Return to Indigenous Peoples' Literature
Compiled by: Glenn
Welker
ghwelker@gmx.com
This site has been accessed 10,000,000 times since February 8, 1996.